Anurognathus is a genus of small pterosaur that lived approximately 155-140 million years ago during the late Jurassic Period. It had a short head with pin-like teeth for catching insects and although it traditionally is ascribed to the long tailed pterosaur group (Rhamphorhynchoidea), its tail was comparatively short, allowing it more maneuverability for hunting.

With a wingspan of 50 cm (20 inches) and a 9 cm long body (skull included), it probably weighed no more than a few grams. Only two skeletons have been found, in the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria. Anurognathus was first named and described by L. Döderlein in 1923.

The genus name, Anurognathus, ("without", "tail" (and) "jaw") is in reference to its unusually small tail relative to other rhamphorhynchoids pterosaurs. The species name A. ammoni honors the Bavarian geologist Ludwig von Ammon. Anurognathus was a member of the family or clade Anurognathidae.